中华人民共和国政府和印度尼西亚共和国政府 关于对所得避免双重征税 和防止偷漏税的协定

AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA AND THE GOVERNMENT

OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE TAXATION AND THE

PREVENTION OF FISCAL EVASION WITH RESPECT TO TAXES ON INCOME

中华人民共和国政府和印度尼西亚共和国政府关于对所得避免双重征税和防止偷漏税的协定

   中华人民共和国政府和印度尼西亚共和国政府，愿意缔结关于对所得避免双重征税和防止偷漏税的协定，达成协议如下：

第一条 人的范围

    本协定适用于缔约国一方或者同时为双方居民的人。

第二条 税种范围

    一、本协定适用于由缔约国一方或其地方当局对所得征收的所有税收，不论其征收方式如何。

    二、对全部所得或某项所得征收的税收，包括对来自转让动产或不动产的收益征收的税收，应视为对所得征收的税收。

    三、本协定适用的现行税种是：

   （一）在印度尼西亚：

    按照一九八四年所得税法征收的所得税（根据一九八三年第七号法修订）。

   （以下简称“印度尼西亚税收”）

   （二）在中国：

    1．个人所得税；

    2．外商投资企业和外国企业所得税；

    3．地方所得税。

   （以下简称“中国税收”）

    四、本协定也适用于本协定签订之日后征收的属于增加或者代替第三款所列现行税种的相同或者实质相似的税收。缔约国双方主管当局应将各自税法所作的实质变动，在其变动后的适当时间内通知对方。

第三条 一般定义

    一、在本协定中，除上下文另有解释的以外：

   （一）（1） “ 印度尼西亚”一语包括印度尼西亚共和国在其法律中所确立的领土，以及根据国际法印度尼西亚共和国拥有主权、主权权利或管辖权的毗连区 ;

   （ 2）“中国”一语包括中华人民共和国在其法律中所确定的领土，以及根据国际法，中华人民共和国拥有主权、主权权利或管辖权的毗连区;

   （二）“缔约国一方”和“缔约国另一方”的用语，按照上下文，是指印度尼西亚或者中国；

   （三）“税收”一语按照上下文，是指印度尼西亚税收或者中国税收；

   （四）“人”一语包括个人、公司和其他团体；

   （五）“公司”一语是指法人团体或者在税收上视同法人团体的实体；

   （六）“缔约国一方企业”和“缔约国另一方企业”的用语，分别指缔约国一方居民经营的企业和缔约国另一方居民经营的企业；

   （七）“国际运输”一语是指由缔约国一方企业以船舶或飞机经营的运输，不包括仅在缔约国另一方各地之间以船舶或飞机经营的运输；

   （八）“国民”一语是指：

   （1）任何具有缔约国一方国籍的个人；

   （2）任何按照缔约国一方现行法律建立的法人、合伙企业和团体；

   （九）“主管当局”一语是指：

   （1）在印度尼西亚：财政部部长或其授权的代表；

   （2）在中国：国家税务总局或其授权的代表。

    二、缔约国一方在实施本协定时，对于未经本协定明确定义的用语，除上下文另有解释的以外，应当具有该缔约国适用于本协定的税种的法律所规定的含义。

第四条 居民

    一、在本协定中，“缔约国一方居民”一语是指按照该缔约国法律，由于住所、居所、管理机构、总机构所在地，或者其它类似的标准，在该缔约国负有纳税义务的人。

    二、由于第一款的规定，同时为缔约国双方居民的个人，其身份应按以下规则确定：

   （一）应认为是其有永久性住所所在缔约国的居民；如果在缔约国双方同时有永久性住所，应认为是与其个人和经济关系更密切（重要利益中心）所在缔约国的居民；

   （二）如果其重要利益中心所在国无法确定，或者在缔约国任何一方都没有永久性住所，应认为是其有习惯性居处所在国的居民；

   （三）如果其在缔约国双方都有，或者都没有习惯性居处，缔约国双方主管当局应通过协商解决。

    三、由于第一款的规定，除个人以外，同时为缔约国双方居民的人，缔约国双方主管当局应通过协商解决。

第五条 常设机构

    一、在本协定中，“常设机构”一语是指企业进行全部或部分营业的固定营业场所。

    二、“常设机构”一语特别包括：

    •  管理场所；

    •  分支机构；

    •  办事处；

    •  工厂；

    •  作业场所；

    •  为其他人提供储存设施的仓库；

    •  用于销售的场所；

    •  农场或种植园；

   （九）矿场、油井或气井、采石场或者其它开采自然资源的场所。

    三、“常设机构”一语还包括：

   （一）建筑工地，建筑、装配或安装工程，或者与其有关的监督管理活动，仅以该工地、工程或活动连续六个月以上的为限；

   （二）缔约国一方企业通过雇员或者雇用的其他人员，在缔约国另一方为同一个项目或相关联的项目提供的劳务，包括咨询劳务，仅以连续或累计超过六个月的为限；

   （三）用于勘探或开采自然资源的钻井机或作业船，以其持续或连续六个月以上的为限。

    四、虽有本条上述规定，“常设机构”一语应认为不包括：

   （一）专为储存、陈列本企业货物或者商品的目的而使用的设施；

   （二）专为储存、陈列的目的而保存本企业货物或者商品的库存；

   （三）专为另一企业加工的目的而保存本企业货物或者商品的库存；

   （四）专为本企业采购货物或者商品，或者搜集情报的目的所设的固定营业场所；

   （五）专为做广告或者提供情报的目的所设的固定营业场所;

   （六）专为本企业进行其它准备性或辅助性活动的目的所设的固定营业场所；

   （七）专为本款第（一）项至第（五）项活动的结合所设的固定营业场所，如果由于这种结合使该固定营业场所的全部活动属于准备性质或辅助性质。

    五、虽有第一款和第二款的规定，当一个人（除适用第七款规定的独立代理人以外）在缔约国一方代表缔约国另一方的企业进行活动，这个人为该企业进行的任何活动，应认为该企业在该缔约国一方设有常设机构，如果该人：

   （一）有权并经常行使这种权力以该企业名义签订合同，除非这个人通过固定营业场所进行的活动限于第四款的规定，按照该款规定，不应认为该固定营业场所是常设机构；

   （二）没有该项权力，但经常在该缔约国一方保存货物或商品的库存，并代表该企业经常从该库存中交付货物或商品。

    六、缔约国一方的保险企业，再保险除外，如果通过雇员或者第七款所述的独立代理人以外的代表，在缔约国另一方收取保险费或承接保险业务，应认为其在该缔约国另一方设有常设机构。

    七、缔约国一方企业仅通过按常规经营本身业务的经纪人、一般佣金代理人或者任何其他独立代理人在缔约国另一方进行营业，不应认为在该缔约国另一方设有常设机构。但如果这个代理人的活动全部或几乎全部代表该企业，不应认为是本款所指的独立代理人。

    八、缔约国一方居民公司，控制或被控制于缔约国另一方居民公司或者在该缔约国另一方进行营业的公司（不论是否通过常设机构），此项事实不能据以使任何一方公司构成另一方公司的常设机构。

第六条 不动产所得

    一、缔约国一方居民从位于缔约国另一方的不动产取得的所得（包括农业或林业所得），可以在该缔约国另一方征税。

    二、“不动产”一语应当具有财产所在地的缔约国的法律所规定的含义。该用语在任何情况下应包括附属于不动产的财产，农业和林业所使用的牲畜和设备，有关地产的一般法律规定所适用的权利，不动产的用益权以及由于开采或有权开采矿藏、水源和其它自然资源取得的不固定或固定收入的权利。船舶和飞机不应视为不动产。

    三、第一款的规定应适用于从直接使用、出租或者任何其它形式使用不动产取得的所得。

    四、第一款和第三款的规定也适用于企业的不动产所得和用于进行独立个人劳务的不动产所得。

第七条 营业利润

    一、缔约国一方企业的利润应仅在该缔约国征税，但该企业通过设在缔约国另一方的常设机构在该缔约国另一方进行营业的除外。如果该企业通过设在该缔约国另一方的常设机构在该缔约国另一方进行营业，其利润可以在该缔约国另一方征税，但应仅以直接或间接属于该常设机构的利润为限。

    但是，如果该企业证明上述活动不是由常设机构进行的，或者与常设机构无关，应不适用本款的规定。

    二、除适用第三款的规定以外，缔约国一方企业通过设在缔约国另一方的常设机构在该缔约国另一方进行营业，应将该常设机构视同在相同或类似情况下从事相同或类似活动的独立分设企业，并同该常设机构所隶属的企业完全独立处理，该常设机构可能得到的利润在缔约国各方应归属于该常设机构。

    三、在确定常设机构的利润时，应当允许扣除其进行营业发生的各项费用，包括行政和一般管理费用，不论其发生于该常设机构所在国或者其它任何地方。

    四、如果缔约国一方习惯于以企业总利润按一定比例分配给所属各单位的方法来确定常设机构的利润，则第二款规定并不妨碍该缔约国按这种习惯分配方法确定其应纳税的利润。但是，采用的分配方法所得到的结果，应与本条所规定的原则一致。

    五、不应仅由于常设机构为企业采购货物或商品，将利润归属于该常设机构。

    六、在第一至第五款中，除有适当的和充分的理由需要变动外，每年应采用相同的方法确定属于常设机构的利润。

    七、利润中如果包括本协定其它各条单独规定的所得项目时，本条规定不应影响其它各条的规定。

第八条 海运和空运

    一、缔约国另一方企业以船舶经营国际运输业务所取得的来源于缔约国一方的利润，可以在缔约国一方征税，但所征税额应减按该项税额的百分之五十。

    二、以飞机经营国际运输业务所取得的利润，应仅在经营飞机的企业是其居民的缔约国征税。

    三、第一款和第二款的规定也适用于参加合伙经营、联合经营或者参加国际经营机构取得的利润。

第九条 联属企业

    一、当：

   （一）缔约国一方企业直接或者间接参与缔约国另一方企业的管理、控制或资本，或者

   （二）同一人直接或者间接参与缔约国一方企业和缔约国另一方企业的管理、控制或资本，在上述任何一种情况下，两个企业之间的商业或财务关系不同于独立企业之间的关系，因此，本应由其中一个企业取得，但由于这些情况而没有取得的利润，可以计入该企业的利润，并据以征税。

    二、缔约国一方将缔约国另一方已征税的企业利润，而这部分利润本应由该缔约国一方企业取得的，包括在该缔约国一方企业的利润内，并且加以征税时，如果这两个企业之间的关系是独立企业之间的关系，该缔约国另一方应对这部分利润所征收的税额加以调整，在确定上述调整时，应对本协定其它规定予以注意，如有必要，缔约国双方主管当局应相互协商。

    三、缔约国一方在其税法规定的期限届满后，不应改变第二款所述情况下企业的利润。

第十条 股息

    一、缔约国一方居民公司支付给缔约国另一方居民的股息，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。

    二、然而，这些股息也可以在支付股息的公司是其居民的缔约国，按照该缔约国法律征税。但是，如果收款人是股息受益所有人，则所征税款不应超过股息总额的百分之十。

    本款不应影响对该公司支付股息前的利润所征收的公司利润税。

    三、本条“股息”一语是指从股份或者非债权关系分享利润的权利取得的所得，以及按照分配利润的公司是其居民的缔约国法律，视同股份所得同样征税的其他公司权利取得的所得。

    四、如果股息受益所有人是缔约国一方居民，在支付股息的公司是其居民的缔约国另一方，通过设在该缔约国另一方的常设机构进行营业或者通过设在该缔约国另一方的固定基地从事独立个人劳务，据以支付股息的股份与该常设机构或固定基地有实际联系的，不适用第一款和第二款的规定。在这种情况下，应视具体情况适用第七条或第十四条的规定。

    五、虽有本协定其他规定，当缔约国一方居民公司在缔约国另一方设有常设机构，该缔约国另一方根据其法律对该常设机构的利润征收附加税时，所征附加税不应超过在扣除所征收的所得税后利润的百分之十。

    六、缔约国一方居民公司从缔约国另一方取得利润或所得，该缔约国另一方不得对该公司支付的股息征收任何税收。但支付给该缔约国另一方居民的股息或者据以支付股息的股份与设在缔约国另一方的常设机构或固定基地有实际联系的除外。对于该公司的未分配利润，即使支付的股息或未分配的利润全部或部分是发生于该缔约国另一方的利润或所得，该缔约国另一方也不得征收任何税收。

第十一条 利息

    一、发生于缔约国一方而支付给缔约国另一方居民的利息，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。

    二、缔约国一方对取得来源于该缔约国一方，而为缔约国另一方居民受益所有的利息所征税的税率，不应超过利息总额的百分之十。

    三、虽有第二款的规定，发生于缔约国一方而为缔约国另一方、其行政区或地方当局及其中央银行或者资本完全为其政府所有并受其控制、由缔约国双方主管当局随时可能同意的金融机构取得的利息，应在该缔约国一方免税。

    四、本条“利息”一语是指从各种债权取得的所得，不论其有无抵押担保或者是否有权分享债务人的利润；特别是从公债、债券或者信用债券取得的所得，包括其溢价和奖金以及按照所得发生国税法视为与贷款取得所得相类似的所得，包括延期付款销售的利息。由于延期支付的罚款，不应视为本条所规定的利息。

    五、如果利息受益所有人是缔约国一方居民，在利息发生的缔约国另一方，通过设在该缔约国另一方的常设机构进行营业或者通过设在该缔约国另一方的固定基地从事独立个人劳务，据以支付该利息的债权与该常设机构或者固定基地有实际联系的，不适用第一款和第二款的规定。在这种情况下，应视具体情况适用第七条或第十四条的规定。

    六、如果支付利息的人为缔约国一方、其地方当局或该缔约国居民，应认为该利息发生在该缔约国。然而，当支付利息的人不论是否为缔约国一方居民，在缔约国一方设有常设机构或者固定基地，支付该利息的债务与该常设机构或者固定基地有联系，并由其负担利息，上述利息应认为发生于该常设机构或固定基地所在缔约国。

    七、由于支付利息的人与受益所有人之间或者他们与其他人之间的特殊关系，就有关债权所支付的利息数额超出支付人与受益所有人没有上述关系所能同意的数额时，本条规定应仅适用于后来提及的数额。在这种情况下，对该支付款项的超出部分，仍应按各缔约国的法律征税，但应对本协定其它规定予以适当注意。

第十二条 特许权使用费

    一、发生于缔约国一方而支付给缔约国另一方居民的特许权使用费，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。

    二、缔约国一方对来源于该缔约国一方而为缔约国另一方居民受益所有的特许权使用费所征税率不应超过特许权使用费总额的百分之十。

    三、本条“特许权使用费”一语是指在下列范围内作为报酬所支付的款项，而不论其是否定期支付，以及以何种形式、名义或术语解释：

   （一）使用或有权使用任何版权、专利、设计或模型、图纸、秘密配方或程序、商标或其他类似财产或权利；或

   （二）使用或有权使用任何工业、商业或科学设备；或

   （三）提供科学、技术、工业或商业知识或情报；或

   （四）提供任何对第（一）项提及的财产或权利、第（二）项提及的设备或第（三）项提及的知识和情报具有辅助和附属性的协助或者对其的享用；或

   （五）使用或有权使用：

    1、电影影片；或

    2、用于电视的胶片或录相；或

    3、用于无线电广播的磁带；或

   （六）全部或部分容许使用或提供本款提及的财产或权利。

    四、如果特许权使用费受益所有人是缔约国一方居民，在特许权使用费发生的缔约国另一方，通过设在该缔约国另一方的常设机构进行营业或者通过设在该缔约国另一方的固定基地从事独立个人劳务，据以支付该特许权使用费的权利或财产与该常设机构或固定基地有实际联系的，不适用第一款和第二款的规定。在这种情况下，应视具体情况适用第七条或第十四条的规定。

    五、如果支付特许权使用费的人是缔约国一方、其地方当局或该缔约国居民，应认为该特许权使用费发生在该缔约国。然而，当支付特许权使用费的人不论是否为缔约国一方居民，在缔约国一方设有常设机构或者固定基地，支付该特许权使用费的义务与该常设机构或者固定基地有联系，并由其负担这种特许权使用费，上述特许权使用费应认为发生于该常设机构或者固定基地所在缔约国。

    六、由于支付特许权使用费的人与受益所有人之间或他们与其他人之间的特殊关系，就有关使用、权利或情报支付的特许权使用费数额超出支付人与受益所有人没有上述关系所能同意的数额时。本条规定应仅适用于后来提及的数额。在这种情况下，对该支付款项的超出部分，仍应按各缔约国的法律征税，但应对本协定其他规定予以适当注意。

第十三条 财产收益

    一、缔约国一方居民转让第六条所述位于缔约国另一方的不动产取得的收益，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。

    二、转让缔约国一方企业在缔约国另一方的常设机构营业财产部分的动产，或者缔约国一方居民在缔约国另一方从事独立个人劳务的固定基地的动产取得的收益，包括转让常设机构（单独或者随同整个企业）或者固定基地取得的收益，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。

    三、缔约国一方居民转让从事国际运输的船舶或飞机，或者转让属于经营上述船舶、飞机的动产取得的收益，应仅在该缔约国征税。

    四、转让一个公司财产股份的股票取得的收益，该公司的财产又主要直接或者间接由位于缔约国一方的不动产所组成，可以在该缔约国一方征税。

    五、转让第一款至第四款所述财产以外的其它财产取得的收益，应仅在转让者为其居民的缔约国征税。

第十四条 独立个人劳务

    一、缔约国一方居民由于专业性劳务或者其它独立性活动取得的所得，应仅在该缔约国征税。但具有以下情况之一的，可以在缔约国另一方征税：

   （一）在缔约国另一方为从事上述活动设有经常使用的固定基地。在这种情况下，该缔约国另一方可以仅对属于该固定基地的所得征税；

   （二）在任何十二个月中在缔约国另一方停留连续或累计达到或超过一百八十三天。在这种情况下，该缔约国另一方可以仅对在该缔约国进行活动取得的所得征税。

    二、“专业性劳务”一语特别包括独立的科学、文学、艺术、教育或教学活动，以及医师、工程师、律师、牙医师、建筑师和会计师的独立活动。

第十五条 非独立个人劳务

    一、除适用第十六条、第十八条、第十九条、第二十条和第二十一条的规定以外，缔约国一方居民因受雇取得的薪金、工资和其它类似报酬除在缔约国另一方从事受雇的活动以外，应仅在该缔约国一方征税。在该缔约国另一方从事受雇的活动取得的报酬，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。

    二、虽有第一款的规定，缔约国一方居民因在缔约国另一方从事受雇的活动取得的报酬，同时具有以下三个条件的，应仅在该缔约国一方征税：

   （一）收款人在任何十二个月中在该缔约国另一方停留连续或累计不超过一百八十三天；

   （二）该项报酬由并非该缔约国另一方居民的雇主支付或代表该雇主支付；

   （三）该项报酬不是由雇主设在该缔约国另一方的常设机构或固定基地所负担。

    三、虽有本条上述规定，在缔约国一方企业经营国际运输的船舶或飞机上从事受雇的活动取得的报酬，应仅在该缔约国征税。

第十六条 董事费

    缔约国一方居民作为缔约国另一方居民公司的董事会或其他类似机构的成员取得的董事费和其他类似款项，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。

第十七条 艺术家和运动员

    一、虽有第十四条和第十五条的规定，缔约国一方居民，作为表演家，如戏剧、电影、广播或电视艺术家、音乐家或作为运动员，在缔约国另一方从事其个人活动取得的所得，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。

    二、虽有第七条、第十四条和第十五条的规定，表演家或运动员从事其个人活动取得的所得，并非归属表演家或运动员本人，而是归属于其他人，可以在该表演家或运动员从事其活动的缔约国征税。

    三、虽有第一款和第二款的规定，作为缔约国一方居民的表演家或运动员在缔约国另一方按照缔约国双方政府的文化交流计划进行活动取得的所得，在该缔约国另一方应予免税。

第十八条 退休金

    一、除适用第十九条第二款的规定以外，因以前的雇佣关系支付给缔约国一方居民的退休金和其他类似报酬，应仅在该国征税。

    二、虽有第一款的规定，除适用第十九条第二款的规定以外，缔约国一方、其政府或地方当局按该国法律，由社会保险制度的公共福利计划或特别基金支付的退休金和其他类似款项，应仅在该国征税。

第十九条 政府服务

    一、（一）缔约国一方政府或地方当局对向其提供服务的个人支付退休金以外的报酬，应仅在该缔约国一方征税。

   （二）但是，如果该项服务是在缔约国另一方提供，而且提供服务的个人是该缔约国另一方居民，并且该居民：

    1．是该缔约国另一方国民；或者

    2．不是仅由于提供该项服务，而成为该缔约国另一方的居民； 该项报酬，应仅在该缔约国另一方征税。

    二、（一）缔约国一方政府或地方当局支付或者从其建立的基金中支付给向其提供服务的个人的退休金，应仅在该缔约国一方征税。

   （二）但是，如果提供服务的个人是缔约国另一方居民，并且是其国民的，该项退休金应仅在该缔约国另一方征税。

    三、第十五条、第十六条、第十七条和第十八条的规定，应适用于向缔约国一方政府或地方当局举办的事业提供服务取得的报酬和退休金。

第二十条 教师和研究人员

    任何个人是、或者在紧接前往缔约国一方之前曾是缔约国另一方居民，应缔约国一方、其大学、学院、学校、博物馆或该缔约国其他文化机构的邀请或按照官方文化交流计划，为教学、讲学或在该机构研究的目的，停留在该缔约国一方不超过两年的，对其由于从事上述活动从缔约国一方取得的报酬，免予征税。

第二十一条 学生和实习人员

    一、学生、学徒或企业实习生是、或者在紧接前往缔约国一方之前曾是缔约国另一方居民，仅由于接受教育或培训的目的，停留在该缔约国一方，对其为了维持生活、接受教育或培训的目的收到的来源于该缔约国以外的款项，该缔约国一方应免予征税。

    二、第一款所述学生、企业学徒或实习生取得的不包括在第一款的赠款、奖学金和劳务报酬，在接受教育或培训期间，应与其所停留国居民享受同样的免税、优惠或减税。

第二十二条 其他所得

    一、缔约国一方居民取得的各项所得，不论在什么地方发生，凡本协定上述各条未作规定的，应仅在该缔约国一方征税。但是，该所得发生在缔约国另一方的，也可以在该缔约国另一方征税。

    二、第六条第二款规定的不动产所得以外的其他所得，如果所得收款人为缔约国一方居民，通过设在缔约国另一方的常设机构在该缔约国另一方进行营业，或者通过设在该缔约国另一方的固定基地在该缔约国另一方从事独立个人劳务，据以支付所得的权利或财产与该常设机构或固定基地有实际联系的，不适用第一款的规定。在这种情况下，应视具体情况分别适用第七条或第十四条的规定。

第二十三条 消除双重征税方法

    一、在印度尼西亚，消除双重征税如下：

    印度尼西亚居民从中国取得的所得，按照本协定规定在中国缴纳的税额，可以在对该居民征收的印度尼西亚税收中抵免。但是，该抵免额不应超过对该项所得按照印度尼西亚税法和规章计算的印度尼西亚税收数额。

    二、在中国，消除双重征税如下：

   （一）中国居民从印度尼西亚取得的所得，按照本协定规定在印度尼西亚缴纳的税额，可以在对该居民征收的中国税收中抵免。但是，抵免额不应超过对该项所得按照中国税法和规章计算的中国税收数额。

   （二）从印度尼西亚取得的所得是印度尼西亚居民公司支付给中国居民公司的股息，同时该中国居民公司拥有支付股息公司股份不少于百分之十的，该项抵免应考虑支付该股息公司就该项所得缴纳的印度尼西亚税收。

第二十四条 无差别待遇

    一、缔约国一方国民在缔约国另一方负担的税收或者有关条件，不应与该缔约国另一方国民在相同情况下，负担或可能负担的税收或者有关条件不同或比其更重。虽有第一条的规定，本规定也应适用于不是缔约国一方或者双方居民的人。

    二、缔约国一方企业在缔约国另一方常设机构的税收负担，不应高于该缔约国另一方 对 其本国进行同样活动的企业。本规定不应理解为缔约国一方由于民事地位、家庭负担给予该缔约国居民的任何扣除、优惠和减免也必须给予该缔约国另一方居民。

    三、除适用第九条、第十一条第七款或第十二条第六款规定外，缔约国一方企业支付给缔约国另一方居民的利息、特许权使用费和其他款项，在确定该企业应纳税利润时，应与在同样情况下支付给该缔约国一方居民同样予以扣除。

    四、缔约国一方企业的资本全部或部分，直接或间接为缔约国另一方一个或一个以上的居民拥有或控制，该企业在该缔约国一方负担的税收或者有关条件，不应与该缔约国一方其他同类企业的负担或可能负担的税收或者有关条件不同或比其更重。

    五、本条“税法”一语是指本协定适用的所有税收。

第二十五条 相互协商程序

    一、当一个人认为，缔约国一方或者双方所采取的措施，导致或将导致对其不符合本协定规定的征税时，可以不考虑各缔约国国内法律的补救办法，将案情提交本人为其居民的缔约国主管当局，或者如果其案情属于第二十四条第一款，可以提交本人为其国民的缔约国主管当局。该项案情必须在不符合本协定规定的征税措施第一次通知之日起，三年内提出。

    二、上述主管当局如果认为所提意见合理，又不能单方面圆满解决时，应设法同缔约国另一方主管当局相互协商解决，以避免不符合本协定的征税。

    三、缔约国双方主管当局应通过协议设法解决在解释或实施本协定时所发生的困难或疑义，也可以对本协定未作规定的消除双重征税问题进行协商。

    四、缔约国双方主管当局为达成第二款和第三款的协议，可以相互直接联系。为有助于达成协议，双方主管当局的代表可以进行会谈，口头交换意见。

第二十六条 情报交换

    一、缔约国双方主管当局应交换为实施本协定的规定所需要的情报，或缔约国双方关于本协定所涉及的税种的国内法律的规定所需要的情报（以根据这些法律征税与本协定不相抵触为限），特别是防止偷漏税的情报。情报交换不受第一条的限制。缔约国一方收到的情报应作密件处理，仅应告知与本协定所含税种有关的查定、征收、执行、起诉或裁决上诉有关的人员或当局（包括法院和行政管理部门）。上述人员或当局应仅为上述目的使用该情报，但可以在公开法庭的诉讼程序或法庭判决中公开有关情报。

    二、第一款的规定在任何情况下，不应被理解为缔约国一方有以下义务：

   （一）采取与该缔约国或缔约国另一方法律和行政惯例相违背的行政措施；

   （二）提供按照该缔约国或缔约国另一方法律或正常行政渠道不能得到的情报；

   （三）提供泄露任何贸易、经营、工业、商业、专业秘密、贸易过程的情报或者泄露会违反公共政策（公共秩序）的情报。

第二十七条 外交代表和领事官员

    本协定应不影响按国际法一般规则或特别协定规定的外交代表或领事官员的税收特权。

第二十八条 生效

    一、本协定应自缔约国双方政府以书面形式相互通知对方已履行为本协定生效所必需的各自的法律程序的后一方通知之日起生效。

    二、本协定应有效于：

   （一）本协定生效年度的次年一月一日或以后取得的所得源泉扣缴的税收；和

   （二）本协定生效年度的次年一月一日或以后开始的纳税年度的所得征收的其他税收。

第二十九条 终止

    本协定应长期有效。但缔约国任何一方可以在本协定生效之日起满五年后任何历年六月三十日或以前，通过外交途径书面通知对方终止本协定。在这种情况下，本协定对终止通知发出年度的次年一月一日或以后开始的纳税年度中取得的所得停止有效。

    在这种情况下，本协定应停止有效于：

   （一）终止通知发出年度的次年一月一日或以后取得的所得源泉扣缴的税收；

   （二）终止通知发出年度的次年一月一日或以后开始的纳税年度对所得征收的其他税收。

    下列代表，经正式授权，已在本协定上签字为证。

    本协定于2001年 11月7日在雅加达签订，一式两份，每份都用中文、印度尼西亚文和英文写成，三种文本具有同等效力，如在解释上遇有分歧，应以英文本为准。

中华人民共和国政府                       印度尼西亚共和国政府

代 表                                                  代 表

王 毅                                             阿里扎尔 · 埃芬迪

AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE TAXATION AND THE PREVENTION OF FISCAL EVASION WITH RESPECT TO TAXES ON INCOME

The Government of the Republic of Indonesia and the Government of the People's Republic of China,

DESIRING to conclude an Agreement for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income,

HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS:

Article 1

PERSONAL SCOPE

This Agreement shall apply to persons who are residents of one or both of the Contracting States.

Article 2

TAXES COVERED

1. This Agreement shall apply to taxes on income imposed on behalf of a Contracting State or of its local authorities, irrespective of the manner in which they are levied.

2. There shall be regarded as taxes on income all taxes imposed on total income, or on elements of income, including taxes on gains from the alienation of movable or immovable property.

3. The existing taxes to which the Agreement shall apply are:

a) in Indonesia:

the income tax imposed under the income tax law of 1984 (Undang-undang Pajak Penghasilan l984, Law Number 7 of l983 as amended);

(hereinafter referred to as "Indonesian tax");

b) in the People's Republic of China:

(i) the individual income tax;

(ii) the income tax for enterprises with foreign investment and foreign enterprises;

(iii) the local income tax;

(hereinafter referred to as "Chinese tax").

4. This Agreement shall also apply to any identical or substantially similar taxes which are imposed after the date of signature of the Agreement in addition to, or in place of, the existing taxes referred to in paragraph 3. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall notify each other of any substantial changes which have been made in their respective taxation laws within a reasonable period of time after such changes.

Article 3

GENERAL DEFINITIONS

1. For the purposes of this Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires:

a) (i) the term "Indonesia" comprises the territory of the Republic of Indonesia as defined in its laws and the adjacent areas over which the Republic of Indonesia has sovereignty, sovereign rights or jurisdiction in accordance with international law;

(ii) the term "China" comprises the territory of the People's Republic of China as defined in its laws and the adjacent areas over which the People's Republic of China has sovereignty, sovereign rights or jurisdiction in accordance with international law;

b) the terms "a Contracting State" and "the other Contracting State" mean Indonesia or China as the context requires;

c) the term "tax" means Indonesian tax or Chinese tax, as the context requires;

d) the term "person" includes an individual, a company and any other body of persons;

e) the term "company" means any body corporate or any entity which is treated as a body corporate for the tax purposes;

f) the terms "enterprise of a Contracting State" and "enterprise of the other Contracting State" mean, respectively, an enterprise carried on by a resident of a Contracting State and an enterprise carried on by a resident of the other Contracting State;

g) the term "international traffic" means any transport by a ship or aircraft operated by an enterprise of a Contracting State, except when the ship or aircraft is operated solely between places in the other Contracting State;

h) the term "nationals" means:

(i) any individuals possessing the nationality of a Contracting State;

(ii) any legal person, partnership and association deriving its status as such from the laws in force in a Contracting State;

i) the term "competent authority" means:

(i) in Indonesia:

the Minister of Finance or his authorized representatives;

(ii) in China:

the State Administration of Taxation or its authorized representatives.

2. As regards the application of this Agreement by a Contracting State, any term not defined therein shall, unless the context otherwise requires, have the meaning which it has under the laws of that Contracting State concerning the taxes to which this Agreement applies.

Article 4

RESIDENT

1. For the purposes of this Agreement, the term "resident of a Contracting State" means any person who, under the laws of that Contracting State, is liable to tax therein by reason of his domicile, residence, place of management, place of head office or any other criterion of a similar nature.

2. Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then his status shall be determined as follows:

a) he shall be deemed to be a resident of the State in which he has a permanent home available to him; if he has a permanent home available to him in both States, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the State with which his personal and economic relations are closer (centre of vital interests);

b) if the State in which he has his centre of vital interests cannot be determined, or if he has not a permanent home available to him in either State, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the State in which he has an habitual abode;

c) if he has an habitual abode in both States or in neither of them, the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall settle the question by mutual agreement.

3. Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 a person other than an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, the competent authorities of the States shall settle the question by mutual agreement.

Article 5

PERMANENT ESTABLISHMENT

1. For the purposes of this Agreement, the term "permanent establishment" means a fixed place of business through which the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on.

2. The term "permanent establishment" includes especially:

a) a place of management;

b) a branch;

c) an office;

d) a factory;

e) a workshop;

f) a warehouse in relation to a person providing storage facilities for others;

g) premises used as sales outlet;

h) a farm or plantation;

i) a mine, an oil or gas well, a quarry or any other place of extraction of natural resources.

3. The term "permanent establishment" likewise encompasses:

a) a building site, a construction, assembly or installation project or supervisory activities in connection therewith, but only where such site, project or activities continue in a Contracting State for a period of more than six months;

• the furnishing of services, including consultancy services, by an enterprise through employees or other personnel engaged by the enterprise for such purpose, but only where activities of that nature continue (for the same or a connected project) within the country for a period or periods aggregating more than six months within any twelve-month period;

c) drilling rig or working ship used for exploration or exploitation of natural resources which exists or continues for more than six months.

4. Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article, the term "permanent establishment" shall be deemed not to include:

a) the use of facilities solely for the purpose of storage or display of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise;

b) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of storage or display;

c) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of processing by another enterprise;

d) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of purchasing goods or merchandise or of collecting information, for the enterprise;

e) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of advertising, or for the supply of information;

f) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of carrying on, for the enterprise, any other activity of preparatory or auxiliary character;

g) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for any combination of activities mentioned in subparagraphs a) to e), provided that the overall activity of the fixed place of business resulting from this combination is of a preparatory or auxiliary character.

5. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, where a person - other than an agent of an independent status to whom paragraph 7 applies - is acting in a Contracting State on behalf of an enterprise of the other Contracting State, that enterprise shall be deemed to have a permanent establishment in the first-mentioned Contracting State in respect of any activities which that person undertakes for the enterprise, if such a person:

a) has and habitually exercises in that State an authority to conclude contracts in the name of the enterprise, unless the activities of such person are limited to those mentioned in paragraph 4 which, if exercised through a fixed place of business, would not make this fixed place of business a permanent establishment under the provisions of that paragraph;

b) has no such authority, but habitually maintains in the first-mentioned State a stock of goods or merchandise from which he regularly delivers goods or merchandise on behalf of the enterprise.

6. An insurance enterprise of a Contracting State shall, except with regard to reinsurance, be deemed to have a permanent establishment in the other Contracting State if it collects premiums in that other State or insures risks situated therein through an employee or through a representative who is not an agent of an independent status within the meaning of paragraph 7.

7. An enterprise of a Contracting State shall not be deemed to have a permanent establishment in the other Contracting State merely because it carries on business in that other State through a broker, general commission agent or any other agent of an independent status, provided that such persons are acting in the ordinary course of their business. However, when the activities of such an agent are devoted wholly or almost wholly on behalf of that enterprise, he will not be considered an agent of an independent status within the meaning of this paragraph.

8. The fact that a company which is a resident of a Contracting State controls or is controlled by a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State, or which carries on business in that other State (whether through a permanent establishment or otherwise), shall not of itself constitute either company a permanent establishment of the other.

Article 6

INCOME FROM IMMOVABLE PROPERTY

1. Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State from immovable property (including income from agriculture or forestry) situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

2. The term "immovable property" shall have the meaning which it has under the law of the Contracting State in which the property in question is situated. The term shall in any case include property accessory to immovable property, livestock and equipment used in agriculture and forestry, rights to which the provisions of general law respecting landed property apply, usufruct of immovable property and rights to variable or fixed payments as consideration for the working of, or the right to work, mineral deposits, sources and other natural resources. Ship and aircraft shall not be regarded as immovable property.

3. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall also apply to income derived from the direct use, letting, or use in any other form of immovable property.

4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 3 shall also apply to the income from immovable property of an enterprise and to income from immovable property used for the performance of independent personal services.

Article 7

BUSINESS PROFITS

1. The profits of an enterprise of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that Contracting State unless the enterprise carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein. If the enterprise carries on business as aforesaid, the profits of the enterprise may be taxed in the other Contracting State but only so much of them as is directly or indirectly attributable to that permanent establishment.

The provisions of this paragraph shall, however, not apply if the enterprise proves that the above activities are not undertaken by the permanent establishment or have no relation with the permanent establishment.

2. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3, where an enterprise of a Contracting State carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, there shall in each Contracting State be attributed to that permanent establishment the profits which it might be expected to make if it were a distinct and separate enterprise engaged in the same or similar activities under the same or similar conditions and dealing wholly independently with the enterprise of which it is a permanent establishment.

3. In determining the profits of a permanent establishment, there shall be allowed as deductions expenses which are incurred for the purposes of the business of the permanent establishment including executive and general administrative expenses so incurred, whether in the State in which the permanent establishment is situated or elsewhere.

4. Insofar as it has been customary in a Contracting State to determine the profits to be attributed to a permanent establishment on the basis of an apportionment of the total profits of the enterprise to its various parts, nothing in paragraph 2 shall preclude that Contracting State from determining the profits to be taxed by such an apportionment as may be customary. The method of apportionment adopted shall, however, be such that the result shall be in accordance with the principles contained in this Article.

5. No profits shall be attributed to a permanent establishment by reason of the mere purchase by that permanent establishment of goods or merchandise for the enterprise.

6. For the purposes of paragraphs 1 to 5, the profits to be attributed to the permanent establishment shall be determined by the same method year by year unless there is good and sufficient reason to the contrary.

7. Where profits include items of income which are dealt with separately in other Articles of this Agreement, then the provisions of those Articles shall not be affected by the provisions of this Article.

Article 8

SHIPPING AND AIR TRANSPORT

1. Profits from sources within a Contracting State derived by an enterprise of the other Contracting State from the operation of ships in international traffic may be taxed in the first-mentioned State, but the tax imposed shall be reduced by an amount equal to 50 per cent thereof.

2. Profits from the operation of aircraft in international traffic shall be taxable only in the Contracting State of which the enterprise operating the aircraft is a resident.

3. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall also apply to profits from the participation in a pool, a joint business or an international operating agency.

Article 9

ASSOCIATED ENTERPRISES

1. Where

a) an enterprise of a Contracting State participates directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of the other Contracting State, or

b) the same persons participate directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of a Contracting State and an enterprise of the other Contracting State,

and in either case conditions are made or imposed between the two enterprises in their commercial or financial relations which differ from those which would be made between independent enterprises, then any profits which would, but for those conditions, have accrued to one of the enterprises, but, by reason of those conditions, have not so accrued, may be included in the profits of that enterprise and taxed accordingly.

2. Where a Contracting State includes in the profits of an enterprise of that Contracting State - and taxes accordingly - profits on which an enterprise of the other Contracting State has been charged to tax in that other Contracting State, and the profits so included are profits which would have accrued to the enterprise of the first-mentioned Contracting State if the conditions made between the two enterprises had been those which would have been made between independent enterprises, then that other State shall make an appropriate adjustment to the amount of the tax charged therein on those profits. In determining such adjustment, due regard shall be had to the other provisions of the Agreement and the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall, if necessary, consult each other.

3. A Contracting State shall not change the profits of an enterprise in the circumstances referred to in paragraph 2 after the expiry of the time limits provided in its tax laws.

Article 10

DIVIDENDS

1. Dividends paid by a company which is a resident of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other Contracting State.

2. However, such dividends may also be taxed in the Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident and according to the laws of that Contracting State, but if the recipient is the beneficial owner of the dividends the tax so charged shall not exceed 10 per cent of the gross amount of the dividends. The provisions of this paragraph shall not affect the taxation of the company in respect of the profits out of which the dividends are paid.

3. The term "dividends" as used in this Article means income from shares or other rights, not being debt-claims, participating in profits, as well as income from other corporate rights which is subjected to the same taxation treatment as income from shares by the laws of the State of which the company making the distribution is a resident.

4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the dividends, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.

5. Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Agreement where a company which is a resident of a Contracting State has a permanent establishment in the other Contracting State, the profits of the permanent establishment may be subjected to an additional tax in that other State in accordance with its law, but the additional tax so charged shall not exceed 10 per cent of the amount of such profits after deducting therefrom income tax imposed thereon in that other State.

6. Where a company which is a resident of a Contracting State derives profits or income from the other Contracting State, that other Contracting State may not impose any tax on the dividends paid by the company, except insofar as such dividends are paid to a resident of that other Contracting State or insofar as the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with a permanent establishment or a fixed base situated in that other Contracting State, nor subject the company's undistributed profits to a tax on the company's undistributed profits, even if the dividends paid or the undistributed profits consist wholly or partly of profits or income arising in such other Contracting State.

Article 11

INTEREST

1. Interest arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other Contracting State.

2. The rate of tax imposed by one of Contracting State on interest derived from sources within that Contracting State and beneficially owned by resident of the other Contracting State shall not exceed 10 per cent of the gross amount of the interest.

3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2, interest arising in a Contracting State and derived by the other Contracting State, a political subdivision or a local authority thereof, the Central Bank or any financial institution controlled by that Government, the capital of which is wholly owned by the Government of the other Contracting State, as may be agreed upon from time to time between the competent authorities of the Contracting States, shall be exempt from tax in the first-mentioned State.

4. The term "interest" as used in this Article means income from debt-claims of every kind, whether or not secured by mortgage, and whether or not carrying a right to participate in the debtor's profits, and in particular, income from government securities and income from bonds or debentures, including premiums and prizes attaching to such securities, bonds or debentures, as well as income assimilated to income from money lent under the taxation law of the States in which the income arises, including interest on deferred payment sales. Penalty charges for late payment shall not be regarded as interest for the purpose of this Article.

5. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the interest, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the interest arises, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other Contracting State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the debt-claim in respect of which the interest is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.

6. Interest shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is that State itself, a local authority or a resident of that State. Where, however, the person paying the interest, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the indebtedness on which the interest is paid was incurred, and such interest is borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base, then such interest shall be deemed to arise in the State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.

7. Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the interest, having regard to the debt-claim for which it is paid, exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Agreement.

Article 12

ROYALTIES

1. Royalties arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other Contracting State.

2. The rate of tax imposed by one of Contracting States on royalties derived from sources within that Contracting State and beneficially owned by resident of the other Contracting State shall not exceed 10 per cent of the gross amount of the royalties.

3. The term "royalties" as used in this Article means payments, whether periodical or not, and in whatever form or name or nomenclature to the extent to which they are made as consideration for:

a) the use of, or the right to use, any copyright, patent, design or model, plan, secret formula or process, trademark or other like property or right; or

b) the use of, or the right to use, any industrial, commercial or scientific equipment; or

c) the supply of scientific, technical, industrial or commercial knowledge or information; or

d) the supply of any assistance that is ancillary and subsidiary or enjoyment of, any such property or right as is mentioned in subparagraph (a), any such equipment as is mentioned in sub-paragraph (b) or any such knowledge or information as is mentioned in subparagraph (c); or

e) the use of, or the right to use:

(i) motion picture films; or

(ii) films or video for use in connection with television; or

(iii) tapes for use in connection with radio broadcasting; or

f) total or partial forbearance in respect of the use or supply of any property or right referred to in this paragraph.

4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the royalties, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the royalties arise, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other Contracting State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the royalties are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case, the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.

5. Royalties shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is that State itself, a local authority thereof or a resident of that State. Where, however, the person paying the royalties, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the liability to pay the royalties was incurred, and such royalties are borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base, then such royalties shall be deemed to arise in the State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.

6. Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the royalties, having regard to the use, right or information for which they are paid, exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payment shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Agreement.

Article 13

CAPITAL GAINS

1. Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of immovable property referred to in Article 6 and situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

2. Gains from the alienation of movable property forming part of the business property of a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State or of movable property pertaining to a fixed base available to a resident of a Contracting State in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing independent personal services, including such gains from the alienation of such a permanent establishment (alone or with the whole enterprise) or of such a fixed base, may be taxed in that other State.

3. Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of ships or aircraft operated in international traffic or movable property pertaining to the operation of such ships or aircraft shall be taxable only in that State.

4. Gains from the alienation of shares of the capital stock of a company the property of which consists directly or indirectly principally of immovable property situated in a Contracting State may be taxed in that Contracting State.

5. Gains from the alienation of any property other than that referred to in the preceding paragraphs shall be taxable only in the Contracting State of which the alienator is a resident.

Article l4

INDEPENDENT PERSONAL SERVICES

1. Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of professional services or other activities of an independent character shall be taxable only in that Contracting State except in one of the following circumstances, when such income may also be taxed in the other Contracting State:

a) if he has a fixed base regularly available to him in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing his activities; in that case, only so much of the income as is attributable to that fixed base may be taxed in that other Contracting State; or

b) if he is present in that other Contracting State for a period or periods exceeding in the aggregate 183 days within any twelve month period; in that case, only so much of the income as is derived from his activities performed in that other Contracting State during the aforesaid period or periods may be taxed in that other Contracting State.

2. The term "professional services" includes especially independent scientific, literary, artistic, educational or teaching activities as well as the independent activities of physicians, engineers, lawyers, dentists, architects and accountants.

Article 15

DEPENDENT PERSONAL SERVICES

1. Subject to the provisions of Articles l6, l8, l9, 20 and 21, salaries, wages and other similar remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment shall be taxable only in that Contracting State unless the employment is exercised in the other Contracting State. If the employment is so exercised, such remuneration as is derived therefrom may be taxed in that other Contracting State.

2. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1, remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment exercised in the other Contracting State shall be taxable only in the first-mentioned State if:

a) the recipient is present in that other Contracting State for a period or periods not exceeding in the aggregate 183 days within any twelve month period; and

b) the remuneration is paid by, or on behalf of, an employer who is not a resident of the other Contracting State; and

c) the remuneration is not borne by a permanent establishment or a fixed base which the employer has in the other Contracting State.

3. Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article, remuneration derived in respect of an employment exercised aboard a ship or aircraft operated in international traffic by an enterprise of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State.

Article l6

DIRECTORS' FEES

Directors' fees and other similar payments derived by a resident of a Contracting State in his capacity as a member of the board of directors or any other similar organ of a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other Contracting State.

Article 17

ARTISTES AND ATHLETES

1. Notwithstanding the provisions of Articles l4 and l5, income derived by a resident of a Contracting State as an entertainer, such as a theatre, motion picture, radio or television artiste, or a musician, or as an athlete, from his personal activities as such exercised in the other Contracting State, may be taxed in that other Contracting State.

2. Where income in respect of personal activities exercised by an entertainer or an athlete in his capacity as such accrues not to the entertainer or athlete himself but to another person, that income may, notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 7, l4 and l5, be taxed in the Contracting State in which the activities of the entertainer or athlete are exercised.

3 . Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, income derived by entertainers or athletes who are residents of a Contracting State from the activities exercised in the other Contracting State under a plan of cultural exchange between the Governments of both Contracting States shall be exempt from tax in that other Contracting State.

Article 18

PENSIONS

1. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article l9, pensions and other similar remuneration paid to a resident of a Contracting States in consideration of past employment shall be taxed only in that State.

2. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1, and subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 19, pensions paid and other similar payments made under a public welfare scheme of the social security system or a special fund of a Contracting State, or of the Government or a local authority thereof in accordance with the law of that State shall be taxable only in that State.

Article 19

GOVERNMENT SERVICE

1. a) Remuneration, other than pension, paid by the Government of a Contracting State or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to that Government or that authority shall be taxable only in that State.

b) However, such remuneration shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the services are rendered in that other Contracting State and the individual is a resident of that other State who:

(i) is a national of that other State; or

(ii) did not become a resident of that other State solely for the purpose of rendering the services.

2. a) Any pension paid by, or out of funds to which contributions are made by the Government of a Contracting State or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to the Government or that authority shall be taxable only in that State.

b) However, such pension shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the individual is a resident of, and a national of, that other Contracting State.

3. The provisions of Articles 15, 16, 17 and 18 shall apply to remuneration and pensions in respect of services rendered in connection with a business carried on by the Government of a Contracting State or a local authority thereof.

Article 20

TEACHERS AND RESEARCHERS

An individual who visits a Contracting State at the invitation of that State or of a university, college, school, museum or other cultural institution of that State or under an official program of cultural exchange for a period not exceeding two years solely for the purpose of teaching, giving lectures or carrying out research at such institution and who is, or was immediately before that visit, a resident of the other Contracting State shall be exempt from tax in the first-mentioned State on his remuneration for such activity.

Article 21

STUDENTS AND TRAINEES

1. Payments which a student, apprentice or business trainee who is or was immediately before visiting a Contracting State, a resident of the other Contracting State and who is present in the first mentioned State solely for the purpose of his education or training, receives for the purpose of his maintenance, education or training, shall not be taxed in that first mentioned State, provided that such payments are made to him from sources outside that State.

2. In respect of grants, scholarships and remuneration not covered by paragraph 1, a student or trainee described in paragraph 1 shall, in addition, be entitled during his or her education or training to the same exemptions, reliefs or reductions in respect of taxes available to residents of the Contracting State which he or she is visiting.

Article 22

OTHER INCOME

1. Items of income of a resident of a Contracting State, wherever arising, not dealt with in the foregoing Articles of this Agreement shall be taxable only in that Contracting State. However, items of income arising in the other Contracting State may also be taxed in that other Contracting State.

2. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not apply to income, other than income from immovable property as defined in paragraph 2 of Article 6, if the recipient of such income, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other Contracting State independent personal service from a fixed base situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the income is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.

Article 23

METHODS FOR ELIMINATION OF DOUBLE TAXATION

1. In Indonesia, double taxation shall be eliminated as follows:

Where a resident of Indonesia derives income from China, the amount of tax on that income payable in China in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, may be credited against the tax levied in Indonesia imposed on that resident. The amount of credit, however, shall not exceed the amount of the tax in Indonesia on that income computed in accordance with its taxation laws and regulations.

2. In China, double taxation shall be eliminated as follows:

a) Where a resident of China derives income from Indonesia the amount of tax on that income payable in Indonesia in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, may be credited against the Chinese tax imposed on that resident. The amount of the credit, however, shall not exceed the amount of the Chinese tax on that income computed in accordance with the taxation laws and regulations of China.

b) Where the income derived from Indonesia is a dividend paid by a company which is a resident of Indonesia to a company which is a resident of China and which owns not less than 10 per cent of the shares of the company paying the dividend, the credit shall take into account the tax paid to Indonesia by the company paying the dividend in respect of its income.

Article 24

NON-DISCRIMINATION

1. Nationals of a Contracting State shall not be subjected in the other Contracting State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith, which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which nationals of that other Contracting State in the same circumstances are or may be subjected. The provisions of this paragraph shall, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 1, also apply to persons who are not residents of one or both of the Contracting States.

2. The taxation on a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State shall not be less favorably levied in that other Contracting State than the taxation levied on enterprises of that other Contracting State carrying on the same activities. The provision of this paragraph shall not be construed as obliging a Contracting State to grant to residents of the other Contracting State any personal allowances, reliefs and reductions for taxation purposes on account of civil status or family responsibilities which it grants to its own residents.

3. Except where the provisions of Article 9, paragraph 7 of Article 11, or paragraph 6 of Article 12, apply, interest, royalties and other disbursements paid by an enterprise of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State shall, for the purpose of determining the taxable profits of such enterprise, be deductible under the same conditions as if they had been paid to a resident of the first-mentioned State.

4. Enterprises of a Contracting State, the capital of which is wholly or partly owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by one or more residents of the other Contracting State, shall not be subjected in the first-mentioned State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which other similar enterprises of the first-mentioned State are or may be subjected.

5. In this Article the term "taxation" means taxes which are the subject of this Agreement.

Article 25

MUTUAL AGREEMENT PROCEDURE

1. Where a person considers that the actions of one or both of the Contracting States result or will result for him in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, he may, irrespective of the remedies provided by the domestic law of those States, present his case to the competent authority of the Contracting State of which he is a resident or, if his case comes under paragraph 1 of Article 24, to that of the Contracting State of which he is a national. The case must be presented within three years from the first notification of the action resulting in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of the Agreement.

2. The competent authority shall endeavor, if the objection appears to it to be justified and if it is not itself able to arrive at a satisfactory solution, to resolve the case by mutual agreement with the competent authority of the other Contracting State, with a view to the avoidance of taxation which is not in accordance with this Agreement.

3. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall endeavor to resolve by mutual agreement any difficulties or doubts arising as to the interpretation or application of the Agreement. They may also consult together for the elimination of double taxation in cases not provided for in this Agreement.

4. The competent authorities of the Contracting States may communicate with each other directly for the purpose of reaching an agreement in the sense of the paragraphs 2 and 3. When it seems advisable for reaching agreement, representatives of the competent authorities of the Contracting States may meet together for an oral exchange of opinions.

Article 26

EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION

1. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall exchange such information as is necessary for carrying out the provisions of this Agreement or of the domestic laws of the Contracting States concerning taxes covered by the Agreement insofar as the taxation thereunder is not contrary to this Agreement, in particular for the prevention of evasion of such taxes. The exchange of information is not restricted by Article 1. Any information received by a Contracting State shall be treated as secret and shall be disclosed only to persons or authorities (including courts and administrative bodies) involved in the assessment or collection of, the enforcement or prosecution in respect of, or the determination of appeals in relation to, the taxes covered by the Agreement. Such persons or authorities shall use the information only for such purposes. They may disclose the information in public court proceedings or in judicial decisions.

2. In no case shall the provisions of paragraph 1 be construed so as to impose on a Contracting State the obligation:

a) to carry out administrative measures at variance with the laws and administrative practice of that or of the other Contracting State;

b) to supply information which is not obtainable under the laws or in the normal course of the administration of that or of the other Contracting State;

c) to supply information which would disclose any trade, business, industrial, commercial or professional secret or trade process, or information, the disclosure of which would be contrary to public policy (ordre public).

Article 27

DIPLOMATIC AGENTS AND CONSULAR OFFICERS

Nothing in this Agreement shall affect the fiscal privileges of diplomatic agents or consular officers under the general rules of international law or under the provisions of special agreements.

Article 28

ENTRY INTO FORCE

1. This Agreement shall enter into force on the later of the date on which the respective Governments may notify each other in writing that the formalities constitutionally required in their respective States have been complied with.

2. This Agreement shall have effect:

(i) in respect of tax withheld at source to income derived on or after 1st of January in the year next following that in which the Agreement enters into force; and

(ii) in respect of other taxes on income, for taxable years beginning on or after 1st of January in the year next following that in which the Agreement enters into force.

Article 29

TERMINATION

This Agreement shall continue in effect indefinitely but either of the Contracting States may, on or before the thirtieth day of June in any calendar year beginning after the expiration of a period of five years from the date of its entry into force, give written notice of termination to the other Contracting State through the diplomatic channels. In such event this Agreement shall cease to have effect as respect income derived during the taxable years beginning on or after the first day of January in the calendar year next following that in which the notice of termination is given.

In such case, the Agreement shall cease to have effect:

(a) in respect of income tax withheld at source to income derived on or after 1 st of January in the year next following that in which the notice of termination is given;

(b) in respect of other taxes on income, for taxable years beginning on or after 1 st of January in the year next following that in which the notice of termination is given.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, duly authorized thereto by their respective Governments, have signed this Agreement.

DONE at Jakarta on the 7th day of November, 2001in duplicate in the Indonesian, Chinese and English languages, all texts being equally authentic. In case of any divergence of interpretation, the English text shall prevail.

For the Government of                     For the Government of

the Republic of Indonesia                 the People's Republic of China